Place · Red Sea region
Red Sea
The Red Sea connects the Suez Canal with the Indian Ocean through Bab el-Mandeb. Its shipping lanes are vital to Israel, Egypt and international trade, and have been disrupted by attacks from the Iran-backed Houthis.
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History of the Jews in EgyptJewish life in Egypt extended from antiquity into the twentieth century, with major centers in Alexandria and Cairo. Its synagogues, scholars and Cairo Genizah record centuries of religious and commercial activity; violence, expulsion and confiscation brought the modern community close to extinction.Hassan al-BannaHassan al-Banna (1906–1949) founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and served as its first supreme guide. His program combined religious and social organizing with political activism, antisemitic agitation and armed activity; Hamas later adopted his call for Israel’s destruction in its 1988 charter.Ayman al-ZawahiriAyman al-Zawahiri was an Egyptian physician, leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad and successor to Osama bin Laden as head of Al-Qaeda. He helped shape the organization’s strategy of attacking the United States and its allies, played a leading role in its September 11 attacks, and directed its branches until a United States strike killed him in Kabul in 2022.Assassination of Anwar SadatEgyptian President Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Egyptian Islamic Jihad members during a military parade in Cairo on October 6, 1981. The attack followed his peace treaty with Israel and brought Hosni Mubarak to power.
